Upconversion nanoparticles demonstrate unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and therapy. However, their potential toxicity remains a substantial concern. This review aims to provide a in-depth analysis of the toxicity connected with upconversion nanoparticles. It investigates various aspects, in

Zinc oxide is a mineral renowned for its remarkable strength to shield delicate skin. This calming component has long been used in a variety of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its exceptional protective characteristics. Establishing a physical defense on the skin's exterior, zinc oxide effectively reflects harmful